Center for Youth Leadership
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CYL social Issues

Below you will find excerpts from three reports that were written by members of the Center for Youth Leadership: “I Thought Emily was Safe,” “I Love You, Baby” and “Through Your Eyes I See My Family.”  The excerpts summarize the social issues addressed by the Center for Youth Leadership.  Please contact us at info@gocyl.org for copies of the reports and/or the sources for the stats and definitions noted below.

 

Since this page is extensive, we have created a "search" feature for you to utilize. Below is a "Table of Contents." If you press control" and "f" it will bring up a search bar. Copy one of the titles of the issues into this bar and it should bring you to the content that you are looking for. Enjoy reading!


CYL's Social Issues 2009-2010 Table of Contents

Issue 1: Child abuse and neglect

Issue 2: Shaken baby syndrome

Issue 3: Safe havens for newborns

Issue 4: Animal cruelty and its connection to child abuse


Issue 1: Child abuse and neglect


Child abuse and neglect are defined by Federal and State laws.  The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) is the Federal legislation that provides minimum standards that States must incorporate in their statutory definitions of abuse and neglect. 

 

The CAPTA definition of child abuse and neglect refers to “…any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent of caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm sexual abuse or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.

 

The Department of Children and Families, which is the State agency that cares for Connecticut’s abused and neglected children, defines abuse as “…a non-accidental injury to a child which, regardless of motive, is inflicted or allowed to be inflicted by the person responsible for the child's care, including maltreatment such as, but not limited to, malnutrition, sexual molestation, deprivation of necessities, emotional maltreatment or cruel punishment.”

 

The Department of Children and Families recognizes three types of abuse (physical abuse, sexual abuse and exploitation, and emotional abuse or maltreatment) and four types of neglect (physical, medical, educational and emotional/moral).

 

National Stats: (please email info@gocyl.org for sources)

 

905,000 children in America experienced abuse or neglect in 2007 (the latest year for which stats are available).  That translates into 2,480 children every single day; 103 children an hour, two children a minute; and one child every 30 seconds.

 

Of the children abused in America, 54 percent are between birth and seven years of age.

 

Of the people in America who abuse children, 79 percent are parents and seven percent are relatives; 58 percent are females; and 75 percent are under the age of 40.

 

Four children in American die every single day from child abuse.

 

Connecticut Stats: (please email info@gocyl.org for sources

 

8,544 children in our home state were abused, neglected or uncared for between July 2007 and June 2008.

 

Somewhere in Connecticut a child is abused every 61 minutes (Center for Youth Leadership).

           

From July 2007 thru June 2008, DCF accepted 24,611 reports of suspected abuse/neglect and found that 5,888 – or 24 percent – were true.

 

The top three forms of abuse in Connecticut are physical neglect, emotional neglect, and educational neglect.

 

Between July 2007 and June 2008, 1,531 children were abused, neglected or uncared for in Fairfield County.

 

Between July 2007 and June 2008, 192 children were abused, neglected or uncared for in Norwalk.

 

Somewhere in Norwalk a child is abused every 45 hours (Center for Youth Leadership).

 

Issue 2: Shaken baby syndrome

 

According to the National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome and the Shaken Baby Alliance, shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a serious brain injury that occurs when a frustrated caregiver shakes a child, usually to stop him or her from crying.  SBS is considered a serious form of child abuse.

 

Every year approximately between 1,500 and 3,000 children in the United States are diagnosed with shaken baby syndrome. 

 

Of the children shaken, 25 percent die and 60 percent sustain permanent lifelong disabilities; e.g., severe brain damage, blindness, hearing loss, learning problems, seizure disorders, and paralysis and.

 

Between 25 and 50 percent of the American public does not know that shaking a child for as little as three seconds is dangerous and potentially fatal.

           

The number one reason a baby is shaken is to stop him/her from crying.

 

Of the people who shake babies, 62 percent are parents and 70 percent are male, with an average age of 24.  Between 15 - 20 percent are baby-sitters.

 

57 percent of the victims of SBS are male, with an average age of 8.9 months

 

Issue 3: Safe havens for newborns


This program became possible when the “Promoting Safe and Stable Families Amendment” was signed into law on January 17, 2002.  It enables states to use resources from the Promoting Safe and Stable Families Program, which is the primary Federal resource for services to prevent child abuse and neglect, to support safe haven programs, publicity campaigns, and provide training and technical assistance about the campaign to health care professionals and the general public.

 

A safe haven law provides parents with a safe and legal option for the care of their infant.  The law allows a parent to drop off a baby at a designated location (e.g., hospital emergency room, police station, fire station, etc), with no questions asked. 

 

The law does not protect the parent from being arrested and criminally prosecuted if abuse or neglect has occurred.

 

The age of the infant eligible for such care depends on the state.  For example, many states allow the infant to be no more than three days old.  North Dakota, however, allows the infant to be up to the age of one.

 

All 50 states have enacted safe haven legislation.  For details about each state, go to www.babysafehavenlaw.com/lmap.html#.

 

Although every state has a safe haven law for newborns, the effectiveness of the laws is diminished by insufficient funding for public awareness campaigns.  Outreach is essentially limited to the distribution of pamphlets and brochures to hospitals, high schools and public events like state fairs.

 

According to Project Cuddle, 57 babies are abandoned daily across the United States - that adds up to over 20,000 babies a year.   According to the FBI, every year about 260 babies in America die after being abandoned.

 

 

Safe havens in Connecticut

 

When was Connecticut’s safe haven law passed?   Connecticut’s legislation was signed into law in October 2000.  A driving force behind the legislation was Representative Pamela Sawyer of Bolton. 

 

What are the details of Connecticut’s law?  The law allows a parent to voluntarily give up custody of an infant that is 30 days old or younger to the nursing staff of a hospital emergency room. The parent will not be subject to arrest for abandonment.  The law does not protect the parent from being arrested and criminally prosecuted if abuse or neglect has occurred. 

 

What happens when a parent brings an infant to a hospital emergency room?  A nurse meets with the parent in a private area and asks him/her to provide information about the child’s medical history.  The nurse will also ask the parent questions about him/herself; e.g., name and address.  The parent does not have to answer any questions.  The parent is given a packet containing information on his/her rights and how to contact the Department of Children and Families.

 

How many children have been brought to hospitals since the safe haven law took effect in 2000?  According to the Department of Children & Families, eleven babies have been brought to hospital emergency rooms.  “All…have either been adopted, are in the process of getting adopted, or are living permanently with family members.”

 

How many babies have been abandoned since the law too effect in 2000?  Unfortunately, four infants have been abandoned, left unattended on doorsteps or street corners in Greenwich and Brookfield (2001), Branford (July 2004) and Groton (August 2006).  All four survived.  A 16-year-old girl abandoned her son in Hartford in October 2008, but the child was 18-months-old and did not qualify as a safe haven baby under state law.

 

Have there been cases when a parent did not take advantage of the safe haven law?  There have been two cases. The first took place in December 2006.  Panna Kram, a senior at Danbury High School, gave birth in her bathroom at home.  She then wrapped the baby in a blanket and attempted to drown it in the toilet.  She eventually stuffed the baby in her bedroom closet, which is where Krom’s mother found it.  Kram was sentenced to 18 years in prison for drowning the newborn.

 

The second case took place in Stamford.  In October 2008, Angelina Sarmiento, a 25-year-old mother, “…wrapped her 2-hours-old son in a plastic bag…stabbed him with a kitchen utensil and left him in a Dumpster in Stamford's South End.”  As of July 2009, Sarmiento’s case remains with the courts.

 

What does Connecticut’s public awareness campaign include?  As has been done each year since the law took effect, the Department of Children & Families sends thousands of pamphlets to all 169 Connecticut municipalities and school systems for distribution to middle and high schools.  According to members of the Center for Youth Leadership, they have never seen a pamphlet at Brien McMahon High School in Norwalk.  The same holds true for Greenwich High and Stamford High, per the members of our partner programs at the schools.

 

Issue 4: Animal cruelty and its connection to child abuse  

 

In an appearance before a legislative task force in Arkansas, Mary Lou Randour, a psychologist with the Human Society of the United States, said: “A state child welfare worker investigating suspected child abuse or neglect also should look for signs of animal cruelty because the offenses are interwoven. Understanding animal abuse can strengthen policies and programs that deal with child abuse.”

 

A new study sheds light on the underlying assumption that animal cruelty and family violence commonly co-occur.

 

“Sarah DeGue, a behavioral scientist in the Division of Violence Prevention for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and David DiLillo, of the University of Nebraska at Lincoln, surveyed 860 college students who assessed their exposure to family violence and animal cruelty. Results suggested that witnessing or perpetrating animal abuse may be a red flag predictive of family violence, increasing the odds of exposure to child abuse or domestic violence by 1.5 to 2 times.

 

About 62 percent of the participants who witnessed or perpetrated animal cruelty as a child had also experienced child maltreatment or domestic violence. Individuals who had abused animals were more likely to report a history of sexual abuse and neglect.

 

The results suggested that animal abuse may prove a more reliable marker for other forms of family violence than vice versa, and lend support to cross-reporting strategies and the need for school, medical and mental health professionals to assess for exposure to family violence when presented with a child reporting a history of witnessing or perpetrating animal cruelty.”

 

National studies show that animal abuse occurred in 88 percent of families under investigation for suspected child abuse and that abused children often come from homes where pets were either abused or killed.

 

Pets are part of the family in the majority of American households, but if the family is experiencing violence they can become targets as well.  “A survey of 50 of the largest shelters for battered women in the United States found that 85 percent of women and 63 percent of children entering shelters discussed incidents of pet abuse in the family. Children who have witnessed domestic violence or who have been the victims of physical or sexual abuse may also become animal abusers themselves, imitating the violence they have seen or experienced.”

 

One study noted that 32 percent of the pet-owning victims of domestic abuse reported that one or more of their children had hurt or killed a pet.

 

According to the Human Society of the United States, 20 percent of the intentional cruelty incidents it reviewed were committed by teens (95 percent were males).  And in the incidents committed by teens, companion animals were harmed in 75 percent of the cases; wildlife in 14 percent of the cases; and farm animals were harmed in 8 percent of the cases.

 

In terms of treatment, the AniCare Model of Treatment for Animal Abuse, which was created by the Society & Animals Forum, is the first professionally developed psychological intervention program for animal abusers.  Its Assessment and Treatment Approach for Childhood Animal Abuse is designed for child mental health professionals who work in domestic violence organizations, hospitals, and schools; veterinarians; and animal control officers; and others.

 

Animal cruelty in Connecticut

 

This issue gained traction in Connecticut in March 2008, which is when Jim Amann, the former Speaker of the House, created the Task Force on Animal Cruelty and the Circle of Violence (State Representative Diane Urban is the chairperson of the task force). 

 

Preliminary findings of the task force, and reports from other sources, revealed the following:

 

According to a report issued by the state legislature’s Office of Legislative Research, 1,369 cases of animal cruelty were brought before the courts from 2004 though 2007. Of those, only 182 were found guilty and one was found not guilty.  The vast majority of the cases – 1,186 – were dismissed.

 

According to animal rights activists, one clue to the system's lack of interest in such cases is the typically low bond put on those charged with animal cruelty.  Diane Settani of Pet Protectors points to the case a Bridgeport man arrested on animal cruelty charges after allegedly beating a 4-month-old kitten after it licked his cereal bowl. Lavaughne Scales posted $1,000 bond and is awaiting trial.

 

Animal rights advocates believe that so few cases reach the courts not because they lacked merit, but that judicial officials lacked interest. “They don’t take it seriously,” said Diane Settani of Pet Protectors, an animal rescue group.  “They are far, far too lenient.”

 

 

Raymond Norko, a Superior Court judge, offered Connecticut’s legislative task force a simple, easy and free way to improve how Connecticut's courts deal with animal abusers: move a key component of the animal cruelty law from one section of the statutes to another.  "A lot of judges don't know this [law] exists. You wouldn't find it unless you really hunted it down," Judge Norko said after addressing the task force. "But this [law] will help. It gives another option to judges."  Norko spoke of a measure that empowers judges to order those convicted of animal abuse to attend and pay for counseling.”

 

Connecticut’s Task Force on Animal Cruelty and the Circle of Violence has called for the court system to (a) require counseling instead of public service for defendants who seek accelerated rehabilitation in animal abuse cases, and (b) include animal cruelty convictions in defendants’ records.

 

 

Members of the Task Force on Task Force on Animal Cruelty and the Circle of Violence are scheduled to study how animal abuse is treated in juvenile courts.

 

 

According to State Representative Diane Urban, "If the pet is being neglected, there's an 80 percent chance the child is, too."

 

 

Testimony at a legislative task force hearing on animal abuse backed up that claim. Kate Nicoll, a social worker who is also director of an organization that provides animal-assisted therapy, told the task force of some particularly horrific stories of children who tortured animals.  Each of those children had also suffered abuse themselves, she said.                    

 

According to Kate Nicoll, Soul Friends Inc. is the only organization in Connecticut that is dedicated to treating children who have abused animals.  Nicoll’s staff is trained in the AniCare Model of Treatment for Animal Abuse, which was created by the Society and Animals Forum in Maryland.

 

A relatively new service in this field is known as pet foster care, pet sanctuary, or pet haven.  The Connecticut Safe Pet Project, which was founded by Annie Chittenden, is associated with Our Companions Domestic Animal Sanctuary in Bloomfield and the Human-Animal Welfare Connection in Madison.   The Safe Pet Project provides “…up to 60 days of veterinary and respite care for the pets of domestic violence victims.”   For more information, contact Chittenden at 860.242.9999 ext 322, or safepet@ourcompanions.org.